Impact of subtrochanteric fractures in the geriatric population: better pre-fracture condition but poorer outcome than pertrochanteric fractures: evidence from the Spanish Hip Fracture Registry.

BACKGROUND: Clinical management in orthogeriatric units and outcome indicators are similar for extracapsular fragility hip fractures, without discriminating between subtrochanteric and pertrochanteric fractures. HYPOTHESIS: Geriatric patients, 75 years or older, with subtrochanteric fractures have worse clinical and functional outcomes than those with pertrochanteric fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study of data prospectively collected by the Spanish Hip Fracture Registry including patients 75 years or older, admitted for extracapsular hip fractures from January 2017 to June 2019. Demographic and baseline status, pre-operative, post-operative and 30-day follow-up data were included. RESULTS: A total of 13,939 patients with extracapsular hip fractures were registered: 12,199 (87.5%) pertrochanteric and 1740 (12.5%) subtrochanteric. At admission, patients with subtrochanteric fractures were younger (86.5 ± 5.8 versus 87.1 ± 5.6 years old), had better pre-fracture mobility (3.7 ± 2.7 versus 3.9 ± 2.8) (1-to-10 scale, 1 being independent) and were more likely to be living at home; those with pertrochanteric fractures had worse cognitive function (Pfeiffer 3.3 ± 3.3 versus 3.8 ± 3.5). The subtrochanteric fracture group showed worse post-fracture mobility (7.3 ± 2.7 versus 6.7 ± 2.7) and greater deterioration of mobility (3.7 ± 3.0 versus 2.9 ± 2.7). Among individuals living at home at baseline, those with subtrochanteric fractures were more likely to remain in an assisted facility at 30-day follow-up. In-hospital mortality during acute admission was higher for the subtrochanteric group (5.6% versus 4.5%) (p = 0.028). To our knowledge, this is the first paper highlighting the differences between these two fracture groups in the geriatric population. CONCLUSIONS: Subtrochanteric fractures in the older population are a different and worse entity, with greater morbimortality and functional decline than pertrochanteric fractures. Despite being younger and fitter at admission, older patients with subtrochanteric fractures have a higher risk of remaining non-weight bearing and undergoing re-operation and institutionalization. Orthogeriatric units should be aware of this and manage subtrochanteric fractures accordingly. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

Luxación esternoclavicular posterior / Posterior sternoclavicular dislocation / Luxação posterior esternoclavicular

La luxación esternoclavicular posterior es una patología extremadamente infrecuente, que se presenta, sobre todo, en varones jóvenes como consecuencia de un traumatismo de alta energía. Hasta en un 25% de los casos pueden aparecer complicaciones potencialmente letales por compresión de estructuras mediastínicas, que requieren de la reducción urgente de la luxación. El diagnóstico radiográfico puede ser difícil, siendo de gran utilidad la tomografía computerizada para determinar el tipo y grado de desplazamiento, así como la relación anatómica con las estructuras mediastínicas. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 14 años de edad que presentó una luxación esternoclavicular posterior traumática aguda tras una caída practicando karate

Posterior sternoclavicular joint dislocation is an extremely rare condition, usually seen in males after high energy concussion. Potentially lethal complications may appear in 25% of cases, due to compression of mediastinic structures. Radiological diagnose may be difficult, why computed tomography is usually used to determine type and grade of displacement and relation with mediastinic structures. We present a case of a 14 year-old woman who presented a posterior sternoclavicular dislocation due to a fall while playing karate

A luxação posterior esternoclavicular é a condição extremamente rara, que ocorre principalmente em homens jovens, como resultado de trauma de alta impacto. Em até 25% dos casos, podem acontecer complicações potencialmente fatais por compressão de estruturas do mediastino, que exigem a redução urgente da luxação. O diagnóstico radiográfico pode ser difícil, sendo a tomografia computadorizada considerada útil para determinar o tipo e grau de deslocamento e a relação anatômica com as estruturas do mediastino. Aqui se apresenta o caso de um jovem de 14 anos que apresentou uma luxação esternoclavicular posterior traumática aguda após uma queda durante a prática de karatê